questo il punto chiave (leggete soprattutto l'ultimissima parte)
copio incollo. se vi viene scomodo perch� non formattato vi mando il link e andate a pag 3 di questo pdf
http://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/Photograp...ln01_en_web.pdf (documento del 1997 e gi� allora era morto il mito dell'iperfocale)
Depth of Field � An Insider�s Look
Behind The Scenes
Maybe the same thing happened to
you recently: Upon receiving some
rolls of film back from processing,
you briefly check the color rendition,
and then examine the new images
with an 8x magnifying loupe for fine
detail, for sharpness.
Every once in a while you may
encounter an image with double
contours and you know immediately
that some bad vibration tricked you.
But you may also find images that
show stunning sharpness in some
areas, whereas detail resolution in
other areas does not meet your
expectations. When you took those
photos you knew exactly what depth
of field you were after and with the
help of the depth of field scale on
your lens or the table supplied with it
you set the aperture and the correct
focus accordingly. However, the
result is disappointing.
If images like this accumulate,
you suspect your lens to be at fault
and turn it in. You mail it to Contax
or Hasselblad or Carl Zeiss. Be
assured it will be in good company:
�Depth of field is insufficient� is the
most common complaint to meet the
Carl Zeiss service department today.
And there is an upward trend. Why?
To find the answer, let�s take a short
look at the basics:
� In your image the one plane will be
perfectly sharp that you set the
focus for.
� Everything on either side of that
plane will come out blurred, more
or less.
� How much a subject detail is
blurred, depends mainly on its distance
to this plane of perfect sharpness,
and on the aperture setting,
and the focus setting.
� A certain amount of blur is supposed
to be tolerable. According to
international standards the degree
of blur tolerable is defined as
1/1000th of the camera format
diagonal, as the normally satisfactory
value. With 35 mm format and
its 43 mm diagonal only 1/1500th is
deemed tolerable, resulting in
43 mm/1500 ≈ 0.030 mm = 30 � m
of blur.
Imagine the very tip of a pin with
a size of exactly zero, located precisely
in the plane of perfect sharpness,
that means, it is imaged to the film
with a size of exactly zero, not
widened by any blur. Now, move this
pin towards the camera and watch
the diameter of its tip increase by
blurring. When it has reached 30 �m,
halt the pin! It is now right at the
inner border of the depth of field.
Now, do the same in the opposite
direction. Beyond the plane of
perfect sharpness you will reach the
outer border of the depth of field.
All the photo school books in the
world explain that same principle and
tell a similar story, although with
different words and sketches and
images. And all the camera lens
manufacturers in the world including
Carl Zeiss have to adhere to the same
principle and the international
standard that is based upon it, when
producing their depth of field scales
and tables. But here�s what the
school books don�t tell:
A blur tolerable of 30 �m equals
a resolution of 30 line pairs per millimeter
(lp/mm). The normally satisfactory
value was standardized with
the film�s imaging quality in mind �
at the time the standard was defined
which was long before World War II!
Meanwhile some decades have
passed, today�s color films easily
resolve 120 lp/mm and more, with
Kodak Ektar 25 and Royal Gold 25
leading the field at 200. Four-color
printing processes have also
improved vastly and so have our
expectations about sharpness. The
depth of field standard, however, has
remained unchanged�
This is still absolutely okay as far
as the large majority of photo
amateurs is concerned, that take
their photos without tripods and
have them printed no larger than
4 x 6. Be aware that these amateurs
represent 90% of all picture takers,
so don�t expect the depth of field
standard to change fundamentally
before long, creating a reason for the
camera lens manufacturers to
introduce new depth of field scales.
If you are not satisfied with the
results you achieve using the existing
scales, tables, and formulas, keep
tuned to CLN. We will provide you
with information on how to achieve
utmost sharpness in photographic
images.
Let�s sum it up for today:
� The international depth of field
standard, the basis for all camera
lens manufacturers to calculate
their depth of field scales and
tables, dates back from a time,
when image quality was severely
limited by the films available.
� Those who use depth of field
scales, tables, and formulas (e. g.
for hyperfocal settings), restrict
themselves � most probably
without knowing why � to the
image quality potential of an
average pre-World-War-II emulsion.